{"id":14830,"date":"2025-12-22T05:39:45","date_gmt":"2025-12-22T05:39:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ball-mill-classifiers.com\/?p=14830"},"modified":"2025-12-22T05:39:47","modified_gmt":"2025-12-22T05:39:47","slug":"what-are-the-causes-of-dispersion-challenges-in-ultrafine-ceramic-powders-what-are-the-effective-solutions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ball-mill-classifiers.com\/vi\/what-are-the-causes-of-dispersion-challenges-in-ultrafine-ceramic-powders-what-are-the-effective-solutions\/","title":{"rendered":"Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n b\u1ed9t g\u1ed1m si\u00eau m\u1ecbn? Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"

B\u1ed9t g\u1ed1m si\u00eau m\u1ecbn<\/a>B\u1ed9t m\u1ecbn (th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed9t c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 1 micron, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 100 nanomet) t\u1ea1o n\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t g\u1ed1m c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao (nh\u01b0 alumina, silicon nitride, silicon carbide) v\u00e0 g\u1ed1m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng (nh\u01b0 g\u1ed1m \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n, g\u1ed1m \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i vi s\u00f3ng v\u00e0 g\u1ed1m trong su\u1ed1t). \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t b\u1ed9t duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng (n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c dung m\u00f4i h\u1eefu c\u01a1). \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n t\u1ed1t l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac vi m\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 cao, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, \u0111i\u1ec7n, quang h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m g\u1ed1m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ed9t g\u1ed1m si\u00eau m\u1ecbn c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ri\u00eang v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ef1c cao, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh thi\u00eau k\u1ebft cao. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn xu h\u01b0\u1edbng k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh. C\u00e1c c\u1ee5m h\u1ea1t trong c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfp theo c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u00e2y l\u1ed7i, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 thi\u00eau k\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ea1t b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"ceramics
b\u1ed9t g\u1ed1m<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111a chi\u1ec1u g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 v\u00f3n c\u1ee5c trong b\u1ed9t l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. N\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh v\u00f3n c\u1ee5c m\u1ec1m (do l\u1ef1c van der Waals, hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n, v.v., d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 h\u01a1n) v\u00e0 v\u00f3n c\u1ee5c c\u1ee9ng (h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u00e0 s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc m\u1ea1nh ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft k\u1ebft d\u00ednh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t, khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 kh\u00f3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 do c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c v\u1eadt l\u00fd g\u00e2y ra<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Lo\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c<\/th>C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf<\/th>Ph\u1ea1m vi v\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9<\/th>T\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ed9t si\u00eau m\u1ecbn<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
L\u1ef1c Van der Waals<\/strong><\/td>T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c l\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ef1c t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed\/nguy\u00ean t\u1eed<\/td>L\u1ef1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea7m xa (h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c nanomet), c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ngh\u1ecbch v\u1edbi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t, c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ed9t nano.<\/td>Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t nh\u1ecf trong b\u1ed9t g\u1ed1m si\u00eau m\u1ecbn l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh k\u1ebft t\u1ee5.<\/td><\/tr>
L\u1ef1c mao d\u1eabn<\/strong><\/td>\u00c1p su\u1ea5t \u00e2m do c\u00e1c c\u1ea7u ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh.<\/td>L\u1ef1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea7m ng\u1eafn nh\u01b0ng c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 m\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bay h\u01a1i ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng (l\u00e0m kh\u00f4).<\/td>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh r\u1eeda v\u00e0 s\u1ea5y trong chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb b\u1ed9t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 c\u1ee9ng. S\u1ee9c c\u0103ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn th\u00ec t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng.<\/td><\/tr>
Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/strong><\/td>L\u1ef1c h\u00fat v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y do \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tr\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t<\/td>L\u1ef1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea7m trung \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea7m xa, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh.<\/td>Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ef1c ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n (\u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n); \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ebft t\u1ee5.<\/td><\/tr>
T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c l\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ef1c t\u1eeb<\/strong><\/td>T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u00f4men t\u1eeb trong c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t<\/td>C\u00f3 trong c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: ferit)<\/td>C\u1ea7n c\u00f3 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ngo\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u1eed t\u1eeb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 v\u00f3n c\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9t g\u1ed1m si\u00eau m\u1ecbn do t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t g\u00e2y ra.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9t g\u1ed1m si\u00eau m\u1ecbn kh\u00f4ng tr\u01a1, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00f3n c\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/th>C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/th>T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft t\u1ee5<\/th>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Nh\u00f3m hydroxyl b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (-OH)<\/strong><\/td>H\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh M-OH<\/td>Li\u00ean k\u1ebft hydro gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi ba chi\u1ec1u, l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00f3n c\u1ee5c c\u1ee9ng.<\/td>SiO\u2082, Al\u2082O\u2083, TiO\u2082, ZrO\u2082, v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c oxit<\/td><\/tr>
\u0110i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/strong><\/td>Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb pH m\u00e0 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u00f2ng tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng.<\/td>T\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf Zeta b\u1eb1ng 0 v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t, khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau.<\/td>Al\u2082O\u2083 (IEP~9), SiO\u2082 (IEP~2-3), ZrO\u2082 (IEP~6-7)<\/td><\/tr>
C\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed axit-baz\u01a1 tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/strong><\/td>c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m axit ho\u1eb7c baz\u01a1 Lewis tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/td>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u l\u00ean m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n.<\/td>Al\u2082O\u2083, TiO\u2082 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c oxit l\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c<\/td><\/tr>
C\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/strong><\/td>C\u00e1c ti\u1ec1n ch\u1ea5t h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u00eau k\u1ebft c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/td>C\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc m\u1ea1nh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ed1i k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 kh\u00f3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 nh\u1ea5t.<\/td>B\u1ed9t nung \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 cao lanh nung v\u00e0 b\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p pha r\u1eafn.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 do c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n quy tr\u00ecnh g\u00e2y ra<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n quy tr\u00ecnh<\/th>Lo\u1ea1i k\u1ebft t\u1ee5<\/th>C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh<\/th>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p<\/strong><\/td>S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p\/ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1t<\/td>C\u00e1c h\u1ea1t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ea7m v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/td>H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/td><\/tr>
R\u1eeda v\u00e0 L\u1ecdc<\/strong><\/td>S\u1ef1 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p<\/td>C\u00e1c h\u1ea1t x\u00edch l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n nhau do l\u1ef1c van der Waals, v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t l\u1ecdc s\u1ebd n\u00e9n ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i.<\/td>Kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/td><\/tr>
Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u1ea5y<\/strong><\/td>S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 c\u1ee9ng<\/td>L\u1ef1c mao d\u1eabn k\u00e9o c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n nhau, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh li\u00ean k\u1ebft hydro ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 sau khi dung m\u00f4i bay h\u01a1i.<\/td>V\u00f4 c\u00f9ng kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/td><\/tr>
L\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n<\/strong><\/td>S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p<\/td>\u0110\u1ed9 \u1ea9m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u1ef1c t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t.<\/td>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng: T\u1eeb c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn quy tr\u00ecnh<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n c\u1ea7n tu\u00e2n theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u201cph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ed5 sung, v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng\u201d. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh bao g\u1ed3m s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/a>Gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u00e2y t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"powder<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ed9t g\u1ed1m si\u00eau m\u1ecbn, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf kh\u00f4ng gian ho\u1eb7c l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i<\/th>C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf<\/th>C\u00e1c t\u1eeb\/k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt b\u1ed5 ng\u1eef th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng<\/th>Thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i<\/th>H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
X\u1eed l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t li\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/strong><\/td>\u0110\u01b0a c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i d\u00e0i h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0o b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec3 "k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i" ho\u1eb7c "che ch\u1eafn".<\/td>C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t li\u00ean k\u1ebft silan (KH-550, KH-570), c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t li\u00ean k\u1ebft titanat.<\/td>C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u1eefu c\u01a1, n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u composite.<\/td>D\u1ec5 b\u1ecb ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee7 k\u00edn ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/td><\/tr>
Polyme h\u00f3a gh\u00e9p b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/strong><\/td>Kh\u1edfi ph\u00e1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ed9t, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp polymer d\u1ea1ng ch\u1ed5i.<\/td>Polyme h\u00f3a chuy\u1ec3n giao g\u1ed1c t\u1ef1 do nguy\u00ean t\u1eed (ATRP), polyme h\u00f3a chuy\u1ec3n giao chu\u1ed7i c\u1ed9ng-ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh thu\u1eadn ngh\u1ecbch (RAFT).<\/td>Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y v\u00e0 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbp gh\u00e9p, hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf kh\u00f4ng gian m\u1ea1nh.<\/td>C\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, chi ph\u00ed cao, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/td><\/tr>
H\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/strong><\/td>H\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 v\u1eadt l\u00fd l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u1ea1t, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5m \u01b0\u1edbt b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m \u01b0a n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1eefu c\u01a1 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m k\u1ef5 n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/td>Natri dodecylbenzenesulfonat (SDBS), polyetylen glycol (PEG).<\/td>\u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m \u01b0\u1edbt v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n.<\/td>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 l\u00e0 thu\u1eadn ngh\u1ecbch, b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9 pH, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a th\u00eam t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0o.<\/td><\/tr>
L\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 v\u00f4 c\u01a1<\/strong><\/td>Ph\u1ee7 l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u1ea1t m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp v\u00f4 c\u01a1 gi\u00fap d\u1ec5 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng gian.<\/td>L\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 SiO\u2082 tr\u00ean TiO\u2082, Al\u2082O\u2083.<\/td>\u0110\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u1edbi (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng tia c\u1ef1c t\u00edm).<\/td>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9t; y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy tr\u00ecnh cao.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Trong dung m\u00f4i n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c dung m\u00f4i h\u1eefu c\u01a1, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 th\u00eam ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/th>Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc<\/th>C\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ch\u00ednh<\/th>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
\u1ed4n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n (L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft DLVO)<\/strong><\/td>\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed9 pH \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t mang \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u00f9ng d\u1ea5u, t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y Coulomb.<\/td>\u0110i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf Zeta: gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i >30mV \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110\u1ed9 pH: c\u00e1ch xa \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/td>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng dung d\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc, g\u1ed1m oxit.<\/td><\/tr>
\u1ed4n \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng gian<\/strong><\/td>C\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i polymer h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00e9o nhau t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y entropy.<\/td>Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee7.<\/td>C\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 dung d\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i dung d\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/td><\/tr>
\u1ed4n \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n-kh\u00f4ng gian<\/strong><\/td>S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t.<\/td>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n polymer.<\/td>Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t cho c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u00f9n c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
D\u1ea1ng b\u1ed9t\/Trung b\u00ecnh<\/th>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/th>C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/th>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
G\u1ed1m oxit\/N\u01b0\u1edbc<\/strong><\/td>Axit polyacrylic (mu\u1ed1i), axit polymethacrylic (mu\u1ed1i)<\/td>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh, cung c\u1ea5p c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian, tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh.<\/td>D\u00f2ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m DuPont DA, d\u00f2ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m BASF Dolapix.<\/td><\/tr>
G\u1ed1m oxit\/Dung m\u00f4i h\u1eefu c\u01a1<\/strong><\/td>D\u1ea7u c\u00e1, este phosphat, ch\u1ea5t si\u00eau ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n<\/td>S\u1ef1 h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 nh\u00f3m neo v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i chu\u1ed7i dung m\u00f4i t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng gian.<\/td>S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a BYK, TEGO.<\/td><\/tr>
G\u1ed1m phi oxit\/N\u01b0\u1edbc (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: Si\u2083N\u2084, SiC)<\/strong><\/td>Polyethylene imine (PEI), polyacrylamide (PAM)<\/td>D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf kh\u00f4ng gian ho\u1eb7c t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp oxit m\u1ecfng tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/td>Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 oxy h\u00f3a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/td><\/tr>
G\u1ed1m phi oxit\/H\u1eefu c\u01a1<\/strong><\/td>C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t li\u00ean k\u1ebft silan ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng ion<\/td>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1eefu c\u01a1 ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n.<\/td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Epic
M\u00e1y nghi\u1ec1n bi Epic<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n<\/th>C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf<\/th>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng<\/th>Ghi ch\u00fa<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
m\u00e1y nghi\u1ec1n bi<\/a>M\u00e1y nghi\u1ec1n bi h\u00e0nh tinh<\/strong><\/td>D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o l\u1ef1c va \u0111\u1eadp v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c c\u1eaft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c vi\u00ean bi nghi\u1ec1n.<\/td>Nghi\u1ec1n kh\u00f4 ho\u1eb7c nghi\u1ec1n \u01b0\u1edbt, ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ed9n nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed9t kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/td>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n (t\u1eeb bi nghi\u1ec1n\/v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u trong b\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a), th\u1eddi gian nghi\u1ec1n d\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t.<\/td><\/tr>
M\u00e1y nghi\u1ec1n c\u00e1t\/M\u00e1y nghi\u1ec1n bi<\/strong><\/td>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u00e0i (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: h\u1ea1t zirconia) \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eaft t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/td>Ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n nano hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p s\u1ec7t c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt th\u1ea5p.<\/td>C\u1ea7n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea7y v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 cao.<\/td><\/tr>
Ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n si\u00eau \u00e2m<\/strong><\/td>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao v\u00e0 s\u00f3ng xung k\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u00e2m th\u1ef1c si\u00eau \u00e2m.<\/td>S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t quy m\u00f4 ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 theo l\u00f4 nh\u1ecf, ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 c\u1ee9ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft y\u1ebfu.<\/td>Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t; ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111o b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f2 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u1eabu.<\/td><\/tr>
Ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n c\u1eaft cao<\/strong><\/td>L\u1ef1c c\u1eaft l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra do t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa r\u00f4to v\u00e0 stato.<\/td>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 gi\u00fap ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n m\u1ecbn h\u01a1n.<\/td>Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 c\u1ee9ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra b\u1ecdt kh\u00ed.<\/td><\/tr>
M\u00e1y nghi\u1ec1n ba tr\u1ee5c<\/strong><\/td>T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1eaft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c con l\u0103n c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 cao.<\/td>B\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n m\u1ecbn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p s\u1ec7t c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt cao (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00fac).<\/td>Vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p s\u1ebd phi\u1ec1n ph\u1ee9c h\u01a1n.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

T\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a b\u00f9n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/th>M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/th>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf Zeta<\/strong><\/td>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ea1nh<\/td>Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed9 pH khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sai l\u1ec7ch.<\/td><\/tr>
Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u01b0u bi\u1ebfn<\/strong><\/td>Ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng<\/td>Th\u00eam m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: ete xenluloza, bentonit) \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p s\u1ec7t l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh d\u1ea1ng gel khi \u0111\u1ec3 y\u00ean v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u00edt nh\u1edbt h\u01a1n khi ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c c\u1eaft.<\/td><\/tr>
Ch\u1ea5t \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf<\/strong><\/td>Ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t.<\/td>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 th\u00eam ch\u1ea5t \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf oxy h\u00f3a.<\/td><\/tr>
Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef<\/strong><\/td>Ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc.<\/td>\u0110\u00f3ng k\u00edn, b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n \u1edf n\u01a1i tr\u00e1nh \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 b\u1ed9t g\u1ed1m si\u00eau m\u1ecbn kh\u00e1c nhau<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng g\u1ed1m s\u1ee9<\/th>Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n<\/th>Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Al\u2082O\u2083<\/strong><\/td>\u0110i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n cao (~9), ph\u1ea1m vi \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh pH h\u1eb9p; \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh.<\/td>1. Ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n axit (pH 3-4) ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec1m m\u1ea1nh (pH >11). 2. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n axit polyacrylic. 3. X\u1eed l\u00fd s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 b\u1eb1ng este photphat.<\/td><\/tr>
ZrO\u2082 (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng Y\u2082O\u2083)<\/strong><\/td>C\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00f3n c\u1ee5c c\u1ee9ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb; nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh pha<\/td>1. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n c\u00e1c ti\u1ec1n ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. 2. \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh pH \u0111\u1ebfn 9-11 b\u1eb1ng amoniac ho\u1eb7c TMAH. 3. S\u1ea5y kh\u00f4 \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p (s\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u00f4).<\/td><\/tr>
Si\u2083N\u2084<\/strong><\/td>K\u1ef5 n\u01b0\u1edbc; l\u1edbp SiO\u2082 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u00e0nh vi ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n.<\/td>1. H\u1ec7 dung d\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc: Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9 pH >10 (m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng SiO\u2082), s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n cation nh\u01b0 PEI. 2. H\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i dung d\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng toluen\/xylen + d\u1ea7u c\u00e1\/este photphat.<\/td><\/tr>
BaTiO\u2083 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i g\u1ed1m \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed kh\u00e1c<\/strong><\/td>C\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t; ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n ph\u1ea3i tinh khi\u1ebft.<\/td>1. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao, d\u1ec5 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y nhi\u1ec7t (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: amoni citrat). 2. Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed9 pH \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a tan ion v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n.<\/td><\/tr>
B\u1ed9t nano<\/strong><\/td>N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ef1c cao v\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh.<\/td>1. Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p. 2. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng dung m\u00f4i c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c c\u0103ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i. 3. S\u1ea5y kh\u00f4 si\u00eau t\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh l\u1ef1c mao d\u1eabn.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a>: M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed qu\u00e9t (SEM), ph\u00e2n t\u00edch k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t (so s\u00e1nh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbt), ph\u00e2n t\u00edch di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t BET, v.v., \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh lo\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft t\u1ee5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u00f2ng b\u1ec7nh h\u01a1n ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh.<\/strong>C\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb b\u1ed9t (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a, nhi\u1ec7t ph\u00e2n phun), v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 s\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb3ng ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m c\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa \u201cH\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 C\u01a1 h\u1ecdc\u201d<\/strong>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n n\u00e0o l\u00e0 "ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t"; c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9t, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n t\u1ee9c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng; \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh c\u0169ng quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t<\/strong>C\u1ea7n t\u00ecm s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, chi ph\u00ed c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a v\u00e0 t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 thi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9t g\u1ed1m si\u00eau m\u1ecbn l\u00e0 m\u1eaft x\u00edch quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u1eefa b\u1ed9t l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m g\u1ed1m s\u1ee9 xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc keo v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"Emily<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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C\u1ea3m \u01a1n b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc. T\u00f4i hy v\u1ecdng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i h\u1eefu \u00edch. Vui l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi. B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ch\u0103m s\u00f3c kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Zelda n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1eafc m\u1eafc n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n \u2014 \u0110\u0103ng b\u1edfi Emily Chen<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

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